Periurbanidad y universidad: experiencias juveniles universitarias del cinturón de General Pueyrredón (Argentina)

(analítico) Los tránsitos por la educación superior en Argentina se enmarcan en la búsqueda por ampliar el acceso a ésta desde políticas estatales e institucionales. Este articulo busca comprender el modo en que los jóvenes de familias hortícolas del cinturón verde de General Pueyrredón, un espacio periurbano de Argentina, interpretan el tránsito por la universidad, a partir de una estrategia cualitativa basada en entrevistas en profundidad. A partir de la reconstrucción de sus relatos de vida, se evidencia como principales hallazgos que, si bien las políticas y programas son un elemento de garantía para la continuidad universitaria, otras condiciones que funcionan como obstáculos propios de su anclaje periurbano quedan aún relegados.

(analytical) The transits through university in Argentina are part of the search to expand access to it from state and institutional policies. This article seeks to understand how young people from horticultural families in the General Pueyrredón green belt, a periurban space in Argentina, interpret transit through the university, based on a qualitative strategy based on indepth interviews. From the reconstruction of their life stories, it is evident as main findings that, although the policies and programs are a guarantee element for university continuity, other conditions that function as obstacles of their peri-urban anchorage are still relegated.

(analítico) Os trânsitos pela educação superior na Argentina fazem parte da busca de ampliar o acesso a ela desde as políticas estatais e institucionais. Este artigo busca compreender como jovens de famílias hortícolas do cinturão verde General Pueyrredón, espaço periurbano da Argentina, interpretam o trânsito pela universidade, a partir de uma estratégia qualitativa baseada em entrevistas em profundidade. A partir da reconstrução de suas histórias de vida, evidencia-se cómo principais achados que, embora as políticas e programas sejam um elemento de garantia para a continuidade universitária, ainda são relegadas outras condições que funcionam como obstáculos de sua ancoragem pe-riurbana.

Privacidad de la información en la investigación social de naturaleza cualitativa: la transición hacia el mundo digital / Privacy of information in qualitative social research: the transition to the digital world / Privacidade da informação na pesquisa social qualitativa: a transição para o mundo digital

Resumen: Este texto aborda el problema de la privacidad de la información en la investigación social de tipo cualitativa que se desarrolla en el contexto del mundo digital. Para ello, se revisa el concepto de privacidad desde una mirada analógica hacia su incorporación en el plano digital con la figura de la privacidad de la información y algunos elementos de la hermenéutica de Gadamer. Primero, se revisa el plano analógico y ético de la privacidad. Luego, se revisa el potencial de la información, la distinción entre información privada y sensible y su aplicabilidad a la investigación social mediante los conceptos de confianza y seguridad. Finalmente se esboza una propuesta para una privacidad renovada que propone rescatar la intersubjetividad que se construye en la relación del participante de la investigación con el investigador.

Abstract: This text addresses the problem of information privacy in qualitative social research developed in the context of the digital world. For this purpose, the concept of privacy is reviewed from an analogical view towards its incorporation in the digital plane with the figure of information privacy and some elements of Gadamer's hermeneutics. First, the analogical and ethical plane of privacy is reviewed. Then, the potential of information, the distinction between private and sensitive information and its applicability to social research through the concepts of trust and security are reviewed. Finally, we outline a proposal for a renewed privacy that proposes to rescue the intersubjectivity that is built in the relationship between the research participant and the researcher.

Resumo: Este texto aborda o problema da privacidade da informação na investigação social qualitativa no contexto do mundo digital. Para o fazer, revê o conceito de privacidade de um ponto de vista analógico para a sua incorporação no plano digital com a figura da privacidade da informação e alguns elementos da hermenêutica de Gadamer. Primeiro, o plano analógico e ético da privacidade é revisto. Em seguida, o potencial da informação, a distinção entre informação privada e informação sensível e a sua aplicabilidade à investigação social através dos conceitos de confiança e segurança são revistos. Finalmente, esboça uma proposta para uma privacidade renovada que se propõe resgatar a intersubjetividade que é construída na relação entre o participante da pesquisa e o pesquisador.

Condición juvenil en tiempos de guerra: relatos desde la ruralidad colombiana / Youth condition in times of war: Stories from Colombian rurality (1995-2005) / Condição juvenil em tempos de guerra: relatos da ruralidade colombiana (1995-2005)

Resumen (analítico) El artículo analiza las implicaciones de la guerra en la configuración del ser joven rural en Colombia en La Merced (Caldas) y Vista Hermosa (Meta). Es una investigación cualitativa con enfoque narrativo, que indaga en las experiencias de tres sobrevivientes de la violencia entre los años 1995 y 2005, por medio de marcadores de juventud. De los resultados se desprende que la guerra trazó cursos de vida a los jóvenes rurales, como ser cultivadores de hoja de coca e integrantes de grupos armados, marcándose transiciones en las que se restringieron las capacidades para agenciar posibilidades de futuro fuera de los marcos de la guerra, pero también cursos de vida en resistencia vinculados a la acción colectiva con otros jóvenes.

Abstract (analytical) This article analyzes the implications of war in the configuration of rural youth in Colombia in La Merced, Caldas and Vista Hermosa, Meta. It describes qualitative research that uses a narrative approach to analyze the experiences of three survivors of violence between 1995 and 2005 through the telling of significant events that occurred during their youth. The results show that the war established specific life courses for rural youth, such as growing coca leaf and being a member of armed groups. These transitions demonstrate how their capacity to pursue possible life paths outside the frame-work of war were restricted, but also highlight life paths involving resistance to the war that were linked to collective action with other young people.

Resumo (analítico) O artigo analisa as implicações da guerra na configuração da juventude em zonas rurais da Colômbia, em La Merced, Caldas e Vista Hermosa, Meta. É uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem narrativa a partir da qual são analisadas as vivências de três sobreviventes de violência entre 1995 e 2005, por meio dos marcadores juvenis. Os resultados mostram que a guerra traçou rumos de vida para a juventude rural, como ser cultivadores de folha de coca e membros de grupos armados, marcando transições em que se restringiam as capacidades de encontrar possibilidades de futuro fora dos marcos da guerra, mas também, cursos de vida em resistência vinculados à ação coletiva com outros jovens.

Representación de la violencia obstétrica que construyen profesionales matronas de la ciudad de Temuco / Representation of obstetric violence as understood by professional midwives in the city of Temuco

INTRODUCCIÓN: La presente investigación tiene como finalidad caracterizar las representaciones acerca de la violencia obstétrica de profesionales matronas de la ciudad de Temuco, quienes enfrentan el proceso de preparto, parto y puerperio cotidianamente. MÉTODO: Investigación cualitativa con un muestreo intencional, de caso tipo. Se entrevistó a nueve matronas vía online hasta la saturación de la información. Los datos se analizaron de forma manual mediante análisis descriptivo y se trianguló por investigador. RESULTADOS: Las profesionales coinciden en que la violencia obstétrica es una conducta de maltrato ejercida por acción u omisión, y se manifiesta de forma física o verbal. Como factor de riesgo de ejercerla mencionan estrés y falta de empatía, y como consecuencias, daño físico para la mujer y principalmente daño psicológico, como estrés postraumático y depresión. CONCLUSIONES: Las entrevistadas coinciden en que la violencia obstétrica es un problema que debe visibilizarse, y se refieren a la capacitación y la humanización de la salud a través del desarrollo de la empatía como principal factor de prevención de la violencia obstétrica.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this research is to characterize the representations of obstetric violence, from the perspective of midwives in Temuco. Those professionals face daily the process of labor, delivering and puerperium. METHOD: Qualitative research with intentional sampling, of a type case. Nine midwives were interviewed online until the information was saturated. Data was analyzed manually by descriptive analysis and triangulated with researchers. RESULTS: The professionals agree that obstetric violence is an abusive behavior exercised by action or omission and it can manifest itself physically or verbally. As a risk factor for exercising it, they mention stress and lack of empathy. The consequences of the violence for women are physical and mainly psychological damage, such as post-traumatic stress and depression. CONCLUSIONS: The interviewees agree that obstetric violence is a problem, and light needs to be shed on it. According to them, the main factors for preventing obstetric violence are training and the humanization of health through the development of empathy.

Avaliação psicológica de crianças com suspeita de TEA: perfil interativo dos avaliadores / Psychological assessment of children with suspected ASD: Interactive profile of the evaluators / La evaluación psicológica de niños con sospecha de TEA: Perfil interactivo de los evaluadores

O objetivo deste estudo é o de investigar o perfil interativo dos avaliadores durante a hora lúdica diagnóstica na avaliação de crianças com suspeita de TEA. Participaram nove avaliadoras em interação individual com 22 crianças (de 24 a 74 meses), durante uma sessão de administração do Protocolo de Avaliação Comportamental para Crianças com Suspeita de TEA - Versão Revisada - Não Verbal (PROTEA-R-NV), que foi videogravada. Utilizou-se o Manual de Codificação dos Estilos Interativos do Avaliador, construído para este estudo. Dois juízes independentes e cegos aos objetivos do estudo registraram a ocorrência, a não ocorrência ou a não aplicação de três categorias de responsividade do avaliador: responsivo, diretivo e intrusivo. Os resultados demonstraram que as avaliadoras tenderam a adotar um estilo interativo diretivo, seguido pelos estilos responsivo e intrusivo. Discute-se que as características da criança e o treinamento prévio das avaliadoras na administração do instrumento pode ter influenciado estes resultados. (AU)

This study aimed to investigate the evaluators' interactive style profiles during the diagnostic assessment of children with suspected ASD. Two independent judges coded videos of assessment sessions of 22 children (aged from 24 to 74 months), using the Behavioral Evaluation Protocol for Children at Risk for ASD - Revised Version - Non-Verbal (PROTEA-R-NV), interacting with nine different evaluators. The independent judges used the Evaluators' Interactive Styles Coding Manual to encode the behaviors observed. The unit of analysis was a one-minute interactive episode of each videotape. Each judge registered the presence or absence of the evaluator's behavior described in the manual, when applicable. The evaluators had a strong tendency to adopt directiveness as an interactive style, followed by responsiveness and intrusiveness. It was concluded that the child's characteristics and the evaluator's previous training in the administration of the instrument may have influenced these results. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es investigar el perfil interactivo de los evaluadores durante el proceso de evaluación en la hora lúdica diagnóstica de niños con sospecha de TEA. Nueve evaluadores participaron en la interacción individual con 22 niños (de 24 a 74 meses) durante la administración del Protocolo de Evaluación Conductual para Niños con Sospecha de TEA - Versión Revisada - No verbal (PROTEA-R-NV), que fue grabada en video. Se utilizó el Manual de Codificación de Estilos Interactivos del Evaluador, creado para este estudio. Dos jueces independientes desconocedores de los objetivos del estudio registraron la ocurrencia, no ocurrencia o no aplicación de tres categorías de capacidad de responsabilidad del evaluador: receptivo, directivo e intrusivo. Los resultados confirmaron que los evaluadores tendían a adoptar un estilo interactivo Directivo, seguido de los estilos Receptivo e Intrusivo. Se concluye que las características de los niños y la capacitación previa de los evaluadores en la administración del instrumento pueden haber influido en estos resultados. (AU)

Veracidade da rotulagem quanto a presença de amido baseado em um teste laboratorial em iogurtes nacionais comercializados no sul de Santa Catarina / Veracity of labeling as the presence of starch based on a laboratory test in national yogurts commercialized in southern Santa Catarina

Com o crescimento diário do número de consumidores em nível mundial, a indústria alimentícia se caracteriza como um ramo em ascensão contínua. Como consequência, a sociedade procura obter informações nutricionais dos produtos consumidos por meio dos rótulos. O iogurte, objeto do presente estudo, é tido pela sociedade de consumo como um alimento rico em nutrientes, que promove benefícios ao organismo e, por isso, apresenta-se como vantajoso à saúde. No entanto, torna-se fundamental analisar a veracidade nos rótulos desses produtos quanto à presença de amido. Tal análise pode ser efetivada por meio de um exame laboratorial chamado de teste de iodo, também conhecido como teste Lugol. Com isso, o presente estudo objetivou analisar a veracidade da rotulagem quanto à presença de amido, baseando a pesquisa em um teste laboratorial em iogurtes nacionais comercializados no sul de Santa Catarina. Sendo assim, os resultados das 28 amostras deste estudo demonstraram alguma inconformidade. Observou-se que 85,7% apresentavam amido declarado como espessante na rotulagem, porém o teste foi positivado para 89,3% dos iogurtes. Diante disso, são de suma importância as análises na veracidade das rotulagens, visto que, corriqueiramente, o consumidor é lesado ao que diz respeito às informações contidas nos rótulos de produtos alimentícios. (AU)

With the daily growth of the number of consumers worldwide, the food industry is characterized as a branch in continuous growth. As a result, society seeks to obtain nutritional information on the products consumed through the labels. Yogurt, the object of this study, is considered by the consumer society as a food rich in nutrients, which promotes benefits to the body and, therefore, presents itself as advantageous to health. Such an analysis can be carried out through a laboratory test called iodine test, also known as Lugol test. Whithin this context, the present study aims to analyze the veracity of the labeling regarding the presence of starch by testing national yogurts commercialized in the south of Santa Catarina. Thus, the results of this study showed that samples were not in conformity. It was observed that 85.7% had starch declared as a thickener on the label, but the test was positive for 89.3% of yogurts. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to analyze the veracity of the labeling, once routinely, the consumer is harmed when it comes to the information contained in the labels of food products. (AU)

Origem inusitada da pesquisa qualitativa em ciências sociais no Brasil / The unusual origin of qualitative social science research in Brazil

Resumo Analisa-se como o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) foi o berço do método qualitativo no Brasil, por meio do Estudo Nacional da Despesa Familiar. Essa pesquisa analisou as condições de vida da população brasileira, numa amostra de 55.311 pessoas nos anos 1970, em que foram triangulados dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Evidenciaram-se os efeitos na desigualdade social sobre a desnutrição, a mortalidade infantil e a expectativa de vida: 62,7% das famílias possuíam deficiência calórica; 40%, penúria alimentar; havia 115 óbitos por mil nascidos vivos; e a expectativa de vida era de apenas 59 anos. Cunhado pelo IBGE como "informações não estruturadas", o estudo qualitativo lançou luz sobre e humanizou os números coletados. Mas sua divulgação foi proibida pela ditadura militar, na época do chamado "milagre brasileiro".

Abstract We describe how the IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) was the cradle of the qualitative method in Brazil, through its National Study of Family Spending. This study analyzed the living conditions of the people of Brazil, sampling 55,311 individuals in the 1970s and merging quantitative and qualitative data. The effects of social inequality on malnutrition, infant mortality and life expectancy stood out: 62.7% of families had caloric deficit; 40% suffered from shortage of food; there were 115 deaths per 1,000 live births and the life expectancy was 59 years. The IBGE coined the term "unstructured information" for the data, and the qualitative study shone light on and humanized the data collected. However, the military dictatorship prohibited its publication during the time of the so-called "Brazilian miracle."

Description of knowledge and promotion media for Healthy Living Movement (Germas) in higher education institutions in Indonesia

Background: Health problems that arise today are results of unhealthy lifestyle. As an effort to overcome these problems, the government launched the Healthy Living Movement (Germas) involving several approaches. This research aims to study the description of knowledge and promotion media about Germas among academics in higher education institutions.Methods: This is a qualitative research that aims to understand a social phenomenon. Research respondents were academics belonging to the groups of department heads, lecturers, academic staff, students, and canteen personnel. The study was conducted from February to April 2019.Results: Results of this research show that Germas related activities have been partially carried out in the university. Meanwhile, results from the health college and the health polytechnic indicate that Germas related activities are better implemented. They are better integrated with the Germas itself as a whole.Conclusions: Knowledge of Germas among academics in higher education institutions is adequate. This is even better for the case of the health college and health polytechnic in which information about health is disseminated routinely via both formal and informal forums. On the other hand, academics from the university obtain more health information about health from external sources.

Analysis of Korean Dietary Life Adaptation of Married Female Immigrants / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the married female immigrants' experience on Korean dietary life adaptation, especially identifying the symbolic meaning and nature of experiences. METHODS: This study was conducted with six married female immigrants through an analysis of the qualitative materials which consisted of in-depth interviews, field notes and materials. Data was analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological research methods. RESULTS: The results were deduced as 116 significant statements, 17 formulated meanings (sub-theme), and 6 theme clusters. Six theme clusters comprised of lack of preliminary knowledge and information, conflict and support in relationships, Korean food culture which is different from homeland, adaptation attitudes of Korean food culture according to situation, sharing of homeland food culture, and practical difficulty and expectative service. The participants started Korean life in the dark about Korea and Korean food culture, so they were subjected to trial and error. The conflict between Korean mother-in-law and foreign daughter-in-law came from lack of consideration of daughter-in-law's cultural background. Some participants were hurt because of misunderstanding and nitpicking. They were learning about cooking method, ingredient, seasoning, table setting and manner. Some participants integrated Korean food culture and their homeland food culture. Some of them assimilated with Korean food culture. One of them maintained homeland food culture. The participants who adapted Korean food culture well could share homeland food amicably. They sometimes didn't apply the services which were offered by the government, because the services did not fit their needs. Some of them didn't know the usage route of the services or information. They had resistance about home teaching and it showed that outreach service was not always effective. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that it is necessary to develop a practical support plan which covers married female immigrants' real needs and system improvement measures.

Restituição dos dados na pesquisa etnográfica em saúde: questões para o debate a partir de experiências de pesquisas no Brasil e França / Restitution of the research data in ethnographic health research: issues for debate based on field research conducted in Brazil and France

ResumoO presente texto apresenta aspectos pertinentes à restituição dos dados da pesquisa antropológica aplicada à saúde, a partir do relato de experiências de pesquisas etnográficas realizadas no Brasil e na França. Tais experiências mostram que a restituição dos dados fez parte do escopo da pesquisa, com modalidades e temporalidades diversas, permitindo prolongar o tempo de trabalho de campo e as interações com os indivíduos pesquisados. Da mesma forma, possibilitou trocas entre os interlocutores e confrontos de diferentes pontos de vista, trazendo novos dados e, assim, enriquecendo as pesquisas. Esses aspectos suscitaram questões importantes para reflexão, do ponto de vista ético e epistemológico. Uma delas diz respeito às demandas feitas aos antropólogos da saúde no momento de inserção do campo e como as mesmas serão por eles tratadas: como o pesquisador restituirá os dados, sem receio de vê-los ser mal interpretados ou instrumentalizados de forma a reforçar padrões normativos? Nesse sentido, como “traduzir” o discurso antropológico? O pesquisador consciente busca validar suas análises, busca novos pontos de vista e interrogações. Assim, a restituição provoca novas inquietações e interpretações na forma de reflexividade.

AbstractThis study examines relevant aspects about the way anthropological research data restitution has been applied in the area of health, based on data obtained from ethnographic field research conducted in Brazil and France. These experiences show that data restitution has been part of the area of research, in different forms and time frames, making it possible to extend periods spent in the field and to interact with individual respondents. This also made it possible to interact with research interlocutors and compare different points of view, adding new information and thereby enriching the research. These aspects raise important questions that require reflection, from an ethical and epistemological standpoint. One is related to the demands made on health anthropologists when they begin their field research and how they deal with these questions: how will researchers use the data they collect without worrying that this may be wrongly interpreted or used in some way to reinforce normative patterns? So, how should an anthropological debate be “translated”? Conscientious researchers will seek to validate their analysis, to discover new points of view and provoke new lines of questioning. Thus, such data should provoke reflexivity about new avenues of research and interpretations.

Weight regain among women after metabolic and bariatric surgery: a qualitative study in Brazil / Reganho de peso em mulheres após cirurgia metabólica e bariátrica: estudo qualitativo no Brasil

INTRODUCTION: Due to the increased number of bariatric surgeries over the years, aspects contributing or hindering the achievement of outcomes, among them weight regain, have acquired increased significance. Psychological factors directly influence on this unwanted situation, but there are few studies and controversies about the degree of participation of these factors. We propose a qualitative investigation to analyze the meanings of weight regain after surgery among women and how these factors influence this outcome. METHOD: This study uses the clinical-qualitative method, by means of a semi-structured interview with open questions in an intentional sample, closed by saturation, with eight women who underwent surgery at the Bariatric Surgery Outpatient Clinic of Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: A feeling of defeat and failure emerges with weight regain, which contributes to social isolation; there is no regret, but gratitude for the surgery; among patients, there is a sense of feeling rejected greater than a rejection that actually exists. CONCLUSION: We found out the need for further qualitative studies that help the health team to better understand the dynamic psychological factors involved in the meaning of weight regain after bariatric surgery among women, in order to adopt appropriate conducts to deal with this problem (AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: Com o aumento do número de cirurgias bariátricas ao longo dos anos, têm chamado atenção os aspectos que contribuem ou impedem os resultados, entre eles o reganho de peso, mostram-se relevantes. Fatores psicológicos influenciam diretamente essa situação indesejada, mas há poucos estudos e controvérsias sobre o grau de participação desses fatores. Nós propomos uma investigação qualitativa para analisar os significados do reganho de peso depois da cirurgia para mulheres e como esses fatores influenciam esse resultado. MÉTODO: Este estudo usa o método clínico-qualitativo, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com questões abertas em uma amostra intencional, fechada por saturação, com oito mulheres operadas no ambulatório de cirurgia bariátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), no estado de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Um sentimento de derrota e fracasso surge com o reganho de peso, que colabora para o isolamento social; não há arrependimento, mas gratidão pela cirurgia; entre as pacientes, há uma ideia de sentir-se rejeitada maior que uma rejeição que existe de fato. CONCLUSÃO: Constatamos a necessidade de novos estudos qualitativos que auxiliem a equipe de saúde a entender melhor os fatores psicológicos dinâmicos envolvidos no significado do reganho de peso após a cirurgia bariátrica entre as mulheres para adotar condutas adequadas para lidar com esse problema (AU)

Expected Qualities of a Lecturer: Perceptions of Medical Students in a Remote Setting.

Studies on medical student perceptions of their lecturers, in a resource poor setting is scarce. Lack of basic infrastructure hampers learning. Quality lecturers can compensate this handicap to some extent. In 2009, as a new medical school located in rural Sri Lanka 220 km away from Colombo, the Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences at Rajarata University had scarce human resources and lacked sufficient lecture halls, labs, and clinical space. In order to understand qualities students sought in a lecturer, 55 medical students were given a single, self-administered open-ended question, and responses were subjected to direct thematic analysis. Themes of ―Lecturer Qualities,‖ ―Lecture Preparation Procedure,‖ and ―Lecture Delivery Procedure‖ were identified, and then further divided into sub-themes, the most common of which being ―Speaking Style,‖ ―Content Design,‖ and ―Content Organization.‖ While the findings in this study closely mirrored those of similar studies, identified qualities were underpinned by implicit meaning that accurately reflects the emotional stressors among students coping with limited educational resources. Students emphasized the importance of clear communication due to language barriers and a strong desire for lecturer loyalty to their faculty and country. The examination of these real-life perceptions will not only help us better identify how to improve medical education in this medical faculty and may be useful to similar resource poor rural medical colleges around the world.

A bula de medicamentos e a regulação de suas configurações em termos de forma e conteúdo no Brasil / The medicine package leaflet and the regulation of its configurations in terms of form and content in Brazil

A bula é um documento técnico – científico, direcionado a profissionais da saúde e pacientes, que acompanha o medicamento para informar sua composição, características e uso. Considerando a importância e complexidade dessas informações técnico-científicas, houve transformações na regulação de seu conteúdo e de seus elementos representativos. Questiona-se, contudo, quais as representações que a informação técnico-científica assumiu em relação à compreensão de seus usuários. Com o objetivo de conhecer e analisar as diversas configurações contemporâneas que a bula de medicamento tem sofrido sob influência dos marcos regulatórios ao longo do tempo, evidenciaram-se as representações que a informação técnico-científica da bula de medicamento vêm assumindo para compreensão de seus usuários. Para tanto, realizou-se este estudo qualitativo centrado em levantamento, identificação, sistematização e análise comparativa dos instrumentos jurídicos que compõem o marco regulatório nacional dessas bulas. Os resultados demonstram que sua regulação possui um arcabouço legal histórico, que vem se desenvolvendo há sete décadas, juntamente com a criação de órgãos de fiscalização em saúde e em vigilância sanitária. É possível notar que o desenvolvimento do processo regulatório das bulas de medicamento, apesar de ocorrer entre longos espaços de tempo, a partir da criação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (1999) e das consultas públicas, começou a ser realizado com um pouco mais de frequência. Assim, nos últimos dez anos, a regulação da bula de medicamento passou a ser mais específica, principalmente quanto aos aspectos de forma e conteúdo...

The medicine package leaflet (MPL) is a technical – scientific document regulated by the government, directed at health professionals and patients in order to inform and instruct its users about the use of a medicine. Considering the importance and complexity of the MPL technical - scientific information for its users, there have been changes in the regulation of MPL´s content and representative elements. It is questionable, however, which representation the MPL technical – scientific information assumed for users’ comprehension. In order to identify and analyze the various configurations the MPL has undergone over time due to the influence of regulatory frameworks, we looked at the representations the MPL technical – scientific information has taken to become adaptable to users’ comprehension. A qualitative study was conducted, focused on surveying, identifying, organizing and reading the legal instruments that constitute the MPL national regulatory framework, observing changes in the regulation over time. The results show that its regulation has a legal history, which has been developing for seven decades, along with the establishment of institutions in health and health surveillance by the government. It is also observed that, in spite of MPL´s regulatory process development occurring over long periods of time, since the foundation of the National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (1999) and its public inquiries, this process started to be renewed and improved with a little more frequency. Thus, in the last ten years, MPL regulation has become more specific, regarding form and content...

A Qualitative Study on Attitude, Acceptability, and Adaptation for Home-delivered Meal Services in the Korean Elderly from the Perspective of Life Context / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to suggest the strategies for improvement of home-delivered meal services for the elderly, to identify reasons for recipients to get started with the services and to evaluate the attitude, acceptability and adaptation of recipients to the services from the perspective of life context. METHODS: The data was collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews with eighteen low-income elderly recipients of home-delivered meals and analyzed using a qualitative research method. RESULTS: The results were deduced as four themes which comprised of long-term vulnerable socioeconomic contexts resulted in entry to the services, conflicting acceptability to the services, passive adaptation to taking the services, and positive practices to cope with supplement free meals or other services. The service participation was initiated because of a combination of prolonged, vulnerable socioeconomic contexts, including poverty and unexpected life events such as diseases, disability, living alone, aging and unemployment. With regard to taking the services, conflicting acceptability was observed: positive aspects including saving living cost and good quality of meals, and negative aspects including lack of a tailored service and feeling of stigma. Although the recipients needed an individualized service, they did not express their needs and demands for the services and they accepted the unavailability as an accustomed, prolonged vulnerable socioeconomic context. With regard to lack of tailored services, either self-solution such as modification of eating patterns or community-based network and services were used. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that a system to concretely identify recipients' attitude, acceptability and adaptation for home-delivered meal services should be developed in the establishment of a tailored nutrition support system for the low-income elderly.

Surgical treatment of obesity: some considerations on the transformations of the eating impulse / Tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade: algumas considerações sobre as transformações no impulso alimentar / Le traitement chirurgical de l'obésité: considérations sur les trans-formations de l'impulsion alimentaire / El tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad: consideraciones sobre las trans-formaciones del impulso alimentario

This study aims at understanding the alteration of the eating impulse arising after bariatric surgery. Hunger is transformed after surgery, with satiety being quickly achieved, but not the sensation of satiation. There is an evident misunderstanding between hunger as non–satiety and as dissatisfaction, with anguish emerging as the resulting affect, which surgery does not correct. In-depth psychological treatment is crucial as the surgery creates new emotional demands for the patient.

Este estudo visa compreender as alterações do impulso alimentar após a cirurgia bariátrica. A fome se transforma após a cirurgia, sendo a saciedade alcançada rapidamente, sem a sensação de satisfação alimentar. Há uma evidente confusão entre a fome enquanto não-saciedade e enquanto insatisfação, sendo a angústia o afeto decorrente e que a cirurgia não corrige. Neste caso, um tratamento psicológico profundo é necessário, já que a cirurgia cria novas demandas emocionais no paciente.

Cette étude vise à comprendre les altérations de l'impulsion alimentaire après la chirurgie bariatrique. Après la chirurgie, la faim se transforme. La satiété est obtenue rapidement mais le sentiment de satisfaction alimentaire ne se produit pas. Il existe une confusion évidente entre la faim comme non satiété, et comme insatisfaction. L'angoisse est l'affection que la chirurgie ne peut pas corriger. Un traitement psychologique profond est essentiel, car l'opération crée de nouvelles demandes d'affection pour le patient.

Este estudio trata de comprender las alteraciones del impulso alimentario derivadas de la cirugía bariátrica. La noción de hambre sufre una transformación, la saciedad es alcanzada rápidamente, pero no ocurre lo mismo con la sensación de satisfacción alimentaria. Hay una evidente confusión entre hambre saciado e insatisfacción, siendo la angustia el afecto resultante que la cirugía no corrige. Es fundamental un tratamiento psicológico profundo pues la cirugía crea nuevas demandas emocionales para el paciente.

Estratégias desenvolvidas por usuários de crack para lidar com os riscos decorrentes do consumo da droga / Strategies developed by crack users to deal with the risks resulting from the consumption

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, sob a ótica de usuários de crack, quais são as estratégias que eles utilizam para minimizar ou evitar os riscos decorrentes do consumo de crack. MÉTODO: Utilizou-se método qualitativo de pesquisa, desenvolvido mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade. Foi entrevistada uma amostra intencional por critérios, composta por 30 usuários de crack, selecionados por meio de informantes-chave e distribuídos em oito diferentes cadeias. As entrevistas foram transcritas literalmente, inseridas e analisadas no software NVivo 8, com exploração dos dados mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os entrevistados acreditam que os maiores riscos decorrentes da dependência do crack sejam os relacionados aos efeitos psíquicos da droga, como fissura, sintomas paranoides transitórios e sintomas depressivos, assim como os decorrentes da ilegalidade dela, como a polícia e as questões referentes ao tráfico. Entretanto, os riscos de complicações físicas do consumo quase não foram apontados. As estratégias se concentraram no controle dos efeitos psíquicos, principalmente pelo consumo de álcool e maconha. Para lidar com as consequências da ilegalidade da droga, mostraram se preocupar com a postura que adotam perante o traficante e a polícia. CONCLUSÕES: As estratégias desenvolvidas pelos usuários focam na tentativa de se autoprotegerem principalmente dos episódios de violência e no alívio de sintomas desagradáveis causados pela droga - principalmente fissura e sintomas paranoides transitórios. Essas estratégias podem parecer efetivas a curto prazo, porém apresentaram riscos de longo prazo, tais como dependência de álcool e maconha.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify, from the perspective of crack users, what are the strategies used to minimize or avoid the risks associated with consumption of crack. METHOD: A qualitative research method was used, developed through semi-structured in depth interviews. It was interviewed a criterion sample composed of 30 crack users, selected through key informants and distributed in eight different chains. The interviews were verbatim transcribed, entered and analyzed in NVivo 8 software. Data was analyzed by "content analysis" technique. RESULTS: Respondents believe that the greatest risks of dependence on crack cocaine are related to the psychic effects of the drug like craving, transient paranoid symptoms and depressive symptoms - and those stemming from the illegality of it, such as the police and issues relating to trafficking. However, the risk of physical complications of consumption has hardly been mentioned. The strategies focused on control of the psychic effects, mainly by consumption of alcohol and marijuana. To deal with the consequences of the unlawful drug they showed concern about how to relate to the dealers and police officers. CONCLUSIONS: The strategies developed by crack users are focused on trying to protect their selves against violence and to relief from unpleasant psychic effects - mainly craving and transient paranoid symptoms. These strategies may seem effective in the short term. However, showed long-term risks, such as alcohol and marijuana dependence.

Características visuais da embalagem de café no processo de decisão de compra pelo consumidor / Visual characteristics of coffee package on consumer's purchase decision process

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de investigar, usando grupos de foco, atitudes, opiniões, conceitos e pensamentos de consumidores sobre embalagens de café torrado e moído que refletem na sua decisão de compra. Três sessões de grupo de foco de 90 minutos foram realizadas (duas em Viçosa/MG e uma em Londrina/PR), num total de 24 participantes. Foram apresentadas cinco embalagens de café (sendo quatro orgânicas, em razão da maior preocupação em obter dados sobre café orgânico) para estimular a conversação, sendo seguido um roteiro de perguntas. Os dados obtidos foram estudados, considerando palavras utilizadas pelos consumidores, sem análise estatística, em razão da característica qualitativa de grupos de foco. Foi observado que os principais fatores considerados no processo de decisão de compra são: preço, cor da embalagem e marca. Muitos participantes mostraram-se fiéis a marcas e outros admitiram pagar mais por um produto orgânico, dependendo do preço do mesmo. Foi sugerido que na embalagem de café orgânico deveria ser salientada a definição do produto para aqueles que não conhecem tal técnica de produção.

Focused group technique was used in this work with the aim of investigating consumers' attitudes, opinions, concepts and thoughts related to coffee package, which may affect their purchase decision. Three focus group sessions of ninety minutes were carried out (two sessions in Viçosa/MG and one session in Londrina/PR), totaling 24 participants. Five coffee packages were presented (four being organic coffee packages due to the necessity of obtaining more information about organic coffee). In order to stimulate discussion all consumers (participants?) were asked to fill in a questionnaire after each session. The obtained data were studied taking into account statements made by consumers without performing any data statistical analysis due to the focused group's qualitative nature. The main observed factors presented on coffee package during the purchase process were price, package color and brand. Many consumers were loyal to brand and others admitted to pay more for an organic product, depending on its price. It is suggested that on the organic coffee package labeling should be emphasized the product identification for those who don't know anything about organic production technique.

Assessment of university faculty needs for developing managerial strategies : an in-depth individual interview application

The purposes of this study were to : (1) identify the faculty and staffs' patronage behaviors, (2) evaluate customer perception and complaint on service quality attributes, (3) diagnose customer needs to construct scheme for building a new faculty foodservice. The qualitative method of this research was proceeded by interviewing 20 individuals. Most respondents considered that 'taste', 'atmosphere', 'clean and sanitation', and 'menu variety' were important rather than 'price' in general faculty foodservice. Therefore, 'taste', 'menu variety', 'atmosphere' were the most important service attributes for remodeling present faculty foodservice.

Expertise in ICU Nursing: A Qualitative Approach / 간호학회지

The purpose of this research was to uncover the expertise of ICU nursing in Korea, and to describe nurses' practice based on the degree of skill acquisition. A total of 18 ICU nurses participated in the study. The data was collected through individual in-depth interviews and it was managed using the NUDIST 4.0 software program. The data was analyzed using interpretive phenomenology suggested by Benner. Four properties of expertise of ICU nursing were identified. These are 1) concern and love toward patients; 2) knowledge; 3) skill, and 4) abilities in interpersonal relationships. And the characterisitcs of four levels of skill acquisition, that is advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert, were described with exemplars. The results of this study might help nurse researchers clarify and elaborate on the concept of expertise in ICU nursing, and enable them to understand how the process of skill acquisition occurs in the ICU setting. They might also help nurse managers establish educational goals for ICU nursing for student or novice nurses.

Content analysis of the contributions about health care in the newspapers

BACKGROUND: It is important for the health care provider, particularly primary care physicians as gatekeepers of health care, to understand the social interests and needs toward health care. This study was done to find ways to deal with public opinion by analyzing the contributions of health care in the newspapers. METHODS: Two hundred twenty four contributions about health care were sorted out in the three national newspapers during one calendar year from January to December, 1996. These contributions were coded by themes and subjects according the content analysis and qualitative text interpretation. RESULTS: The contributions were classified into three categories, medical insurance, and hospital services, and health care policies. Forty four contributions of medical insurance category were coded into 5 themes and 18 subject. Fifty eight contributions of hospital services category were coded into 3 themes and 31 subjects. One hundred twenty two contributions of medical insurance category were coded into 8 themes and 32 subjects. The themes and subjects were listed and findings were described qualitatively. The characteristics of public opinions about health care were diversity, conflicting interests, plentifulness of complaints and discontent, and finally, infrequency of alternative proposals for problem solving. How to deal with public opinions were discussed. CONCLUSIONS: We can recognize the public attitude of health care and complaints of patients and consumers of health care by analyzing the contributions in the newspapers. These data can be used to develop ways of primary care physicians to deal with patients' needs.